500+ Latin vocabulary terms across 17 thematic categories | Liber I (Primus), II (Secundus), III (Tertius) | Complete cultural & philosophical coverage
I. Familia et Domus (Family & Home)
Familia
Family group; household; clan
I Cap. I–II
Pater
Father; head of household (paterfamilias)
I Cap. I
Māter
Mother; maternal figure
I Cap. I
Liber (m.), Libera (f.)
Child, son/daughter; free person
I Cap. I
Frāter
Brother; male sibling
I Cap. I
Soror
Sister; female sibling
I Cap. I
Avus
Grandfather; ancestor
I Cap. I
Avia
Grandmother; ancestress
I Cap. I
Avunculus
Uncle (mother's brother)
I Cap. I
Patruus
Uncle (father's brother)
I Cap. I
Amita
Aunt (father's sister)
I Cap. I
Consobrīna
Female cousin
I Cap. I
Coniūnx
Spouse; husband or wife
I Cap. I
Vir
Man; husband; male
I Cap. I
Mulier
Woman; wife; female
I Cap. I
Domus
House; dwelling; home; residence
I Cap. II
Atrium
Atrium; central hall of Roman house
I Cap. II
Cubiculum
Bedroom; sleeping chamber
I Cap. II
Triclinium
Dining room; room with three couches
I Cap. II
Culīna
Kitchen; cooking area
I Cap. II
Peristȳlium
Peristyle; columned garden courtyard
I Cap. II
Tablīnum
Study; office; master's chamber
I Cap. II
Taberna
Shop; tavern; commercial space
I Cap. II
Vestibulum
Vestibule; entrance hall
I Cap. II
Impluvium
Pool in atrium that collects rainwater
I Cap. II
Servus
Slave; servant; laborer
I Cap. II
Ancilla
Maidservant; female slave
I Cap. II
Liberus
Freedman; formerly enslaved person
I Cap. II
Patria Potestās
Paternal authority; father's legal power
II Cap. XV
Heredum
Heir; inheritor of property
II Cap. XX
II. Schola et Studium (School & Learning)
Schola
School; place of learning; academy
I Cap. III
Magister
Teacher; master; instructor
I Cap. III
Discipulus
Student; pupil; learner; male
I Cap. III
Discipula
Female student; pupil
I Cap. III
Liber (m.)
Book; scroll; text; literary work
I Cap. III
Studium
Study; learning; dedication; zeal
I Cap. III
Pedagōgus
Slave tutor; guardian who accompanies students
I Cap. III
Lēctio
Reading; lecture; recitation
II Cap. XII
Scripta
Writings; documents; texts
II Cap. XII
Epistola
Letter; epistle; written message
II Cap. XII
Arithmetica
Arithmetic; mathematical calculation
III Cap. XXIV
Grammatica
Grammar; rules of language
II Cap. XII
Rhetorica
Rhetoric; art of persuasive speaking
III Cap. XXIII
Dialektika
Dialectic; logical argumentation
III Cap. XXVII
Doctrina
Teaching; doctrine; instruction
II Cap. XIV
Examēn
Test; examination; trial
II Cap. XV
Palaistra
Wrestling school; gymnasium
I Cap. VIII
Ludus
School; game; exercise (secondary meaning)
I Cap. VIII
III. Civitas et Imperium (State & Empire)
Roma
Rome; the Eternal City; capital of empire
I Cap. IV
Civitas
State; city-state; citizenship
I Cap. IV
Civis
Citizen; member of state or city
I Cap. IV
Imperium
Empire; imperium; supreme power; authority
I Cap. IV
Imperator
Emperor; supreme commander; military leader
I Cap. IV
Augustus
Venerable; title for emperor
I Cap. IV
Senatus
Senate; governing body of senators
I Cap. IV
Senator
Senator; member of the senate
I Cap. IV
Consul
Consul; chief magistrate; chief executive
II Cap. XV
Praetōr
Praetor; judicial magistrate
II Cap. XV
Tribūnus
Tribune; representative of the people
II Cap. XV
Quaestōr
Quaestor; financial officer
II Cap. XV
Forum
Forum; public square; marketplace; civic center
I Cap. IV
Comitia
Assembly; citizen gathering; voting body
I Cap. IV
Iūs
Law; right; justice; legal right
II Cap. XXV
Lex
Law; statute; ordinance; rule
II Cap. XXV
Iudex
Judge; arbitrator; person who judges
II Cap. XXV
Cūria
Curia; senate house; meeting place
I Cap. IV
Rostrum
Rostra; public speaking platform
I Cap. IV
Magistratus
Magistrate; public official
II Cap. XV
Classis
Social class; military fleet
I Cap. IV
Patricius
Patrician; member of aristocracy
I Cap. IV
Plebēius
Plebeian; commoner; common person
I Cap. IV
Bellum
War; warfare; conflict
II Cap. XVI
Pax
Peace; tranquility; calm
II Cap. XVI
Legus
Legion; Roman military unit
II Cap. XVI
Centuriō
Centurion; military officer commanding 100 soldiers
II Cap. XVI
Gladius
Sword; blade weapon
II Cap. XVI
IV. Religio (Religion & Divinity)
Deus
God; deity; divine being
I Cap. IX
Dea
Goddess; female deity
I Cap. IX
Iupiter
Jupiter; king of the gods
I Cap. IX
Iuno
Juno; queen of the gods
I Cap. IX
Minerva
Minerva; goddess of wisdom
I Cap. IX
Mars
Mars; god of war
I Cap. IX
Venus
Venus; goddess of love
I Cap. IX
Apollo
Apollo; god of sun and prophecy
I Cap. IX
Diana
Diana; goddess of hunting and moon
I Cap. IX
Templum
Temple; sacred building; shrine
I Cap. IX
Sacrificium
Sacrifice; offering to gods
I Cap. IX
Sacerdōs
Priest; religious official; sacred person
I Cap. IX
Pietas
Duty; reverence; piety toward gods
III Cap. XXVI
Ritūs
Rite; ritual; religious ceremony
I Cap. IX
Cultus
Worship; religious devotion
I Cap. IX
Ara
Altar; place of sacrifice
I Cap. IX
Victima
Victim; sacrificial animal
I Cap. IX
Vōtum
Vow; religious promise
I Cap. IX
Orātiō
Prayer; spoken request; supplication
I Cap. IX
Divīnus
Divine; godly; sacred
I Cap. IX
Augur
Augur; religious official who interprets signs
I Cap. IX
Auspicium
Omen; sign from gods; auspice
I Cap. IX
Fātum
Fate; destiny; divine will
III Cap. XXVI
Sacrum
Sacred thing; holy object
I Cap. IX
Profanus
Profane; not sacred; ordinary
I Cap. IX
V. Philosophia (Philosophy)
Sapientia
Wisdom; knowledge; understanding
II Cap. XIV
Sapiens
Wise; learned; sage
II Cap. XIV
Ratiō
Reason; logic; rationality; way
II Cap. XVI
Vēritās
Truth; reality; veracity; honesty
III Cap. XXVII
Virtūs
Virtue; excellence; moral strength
II Cap. XXVI
Beatitūdō
Happiness; blessedness; felicity
III Cap. XXVI
Otium
Leisure; time for contemplation
III Cap. XXVI
Negōtium
Business; employment; affairs
III Cap. XXVI
Animus
Mind; spirit; intent; will
II Cap. XIV
Intellegentia
Intelligence; understanding; comprehension
II Cap. XIV
Mens
Mind; intellect; mental faculty
II Cap. XIV
Cor
Heart; seat of emotion and mind
II Cap. XIV
Stōicus
Stoic; follower of Stoicism
III Cap. XXVI
Epicurus
Epicurus; founder of Epicureanism
III Cap. XXIX
Plato
Plato; founder of Academy; philosopher
III Cap. XXVII
Aristoteles
Aristotle; student of Plato
III Cap. XXVII
Socrates
Socrates; ancient Greek philosopher
III Cap. XXVII
Dogma
Dogma; philosophical principle
III Cap. XXVII
Senex
Elder; old man; sage
II Cap. XIV
Iuvenis
Young person; youth
II Cap. XIV
Doctrīna
Teaching; doctrine; instruction
II Cap. XIV
Schola
School; philosophical school; sect
III Cap. XXVII
Qūlestio
Question; inquiry; problem
II Cap. XIV
Responsio
Answer; response; reply
II Cap. XIV
VI. Artēs et Litterae (Arts & Literature)
Poēsis
Poetry; verse; poetic composition
III Cap. XXI
Poēta
Poet; composer of poetry; bard
III Cap. XXI
Versus
Verse; line of poetry; line
II Cap. XVII
Hexametrum
Hexameter; verse of six feet
III Cap. XXI
Dactylus
Dactyl; metrical foot
III Cap. XXI
Metrum
Meter; rhythmic pattern; verse form
III Cap. XXI
Rhethōrica
Rhetoric; art of persuasive speaking
III Cap. XXIII
Ōrātiō
Oration; speech; discourse; prayer
III Cap. XXIII
Ōrātor
Orator; public speaker; eloquent person
III Cap. XXIII
Eloquentia
Eloquence; fluent speech; power of words
III Cap. XXIII
Verbum
Word; word of speech; term
II Cap. XII
Sērmō
Speech; conversation; discourse
II Cap. XII
Litterae
Literature; letters; written works
II Cap. XII
Scriptum
Writing; written work; composition
II Cap. XII
Epistola
Letter; epistle; written correspondence
II Cap. XII
Liber
Book; scroll; written work
II Cap. XII
Fabula
Tale; story; fable; plot
III Cap. XXI
Drama
Drama; theatrical work; play
III Cap. XXIII
Tragoedia
Tragedy; tragic drama
III Cap. XXIII
Comoedia
Comedy; comic play
III Cap. XXIII
Scena
Scene; stage; dramatic action
III Cap. XXIII
Personae
Characters; persons; roles
III Cap. XXIII
VII. Medicīna et Scientia (Medicine & Science)
Medicīna
Medicine; medical science; healing
III Cap. XXIV
Medicus
Physician; doctor; healer
III Cap. XXIV
Corpus
Body; physical form; corpse
III Cap. XXIV
Salūs
Health; safety; well-being
III Cap. XXIV
Morbus
Disease; illness; sickness; affliction
III Cap. XXIV
Aegritudō
Sickness; ailment; distress
III Cap. XXIV
Remedium
Remedy; cure; treatment; medicine
III Cap. XXIV
Medicamen
Medicine; drug; medicament
III Cap. XXIV
Scientia
Science; knowledge; learning; study
III Cap. XXIV
Artificium
Art; craft; skill; technique
III Cap. XXIV
Experimentum
Experiment; trial; test
III Cap. XXIV
Observātiō
Observation; watching; notice
III Cap. XXIV
Natura
Nature; natural world; essence
III Cap. XXIV
Elementum
Element; fundamental substance
III Cap. XXIV
Ignis
Fire; flame; element
III Cap. XXIV
Aqua
Water; liquid; element
III Cap. XXIV
Aer
Air; atmosphere; element
III Cap. XXIV
Terra
Earth; ground; element
III Cap. XXIV
Mathematica
Mathematics; mathematical science
III Cap. XXIV
Geometria
Geometry; science of shapes
III Cap. XXIV
VIII. Vīta Cotīdiāna (Daily Life)
Prandium
Breakfast; meal; dining
I Cap. VI
Cēna
Dinner; evening meal; main meal
I Cap. VI
Ientāculum
Breakfast; early meal
I Cap. VI
Panis
Bread; food; sustenance
I Cap. VI
Vinum
Wine; alcoholic beverage
I Cap. VI
Aqua
Water; liquid; beverage
I Cap. VI
Cibus
Food; meal; nourishment
I Cap. VI
Hortus
Garden; yard; cultivated space
I Cap. VII
Flōs
Flower; bloom; blossom
I Cap. VII
Lūdus
Game; play; sport; entertainment
I Cap. VIII
Pila
Ball; sphere; play object
I Cap. VIII
Cursūs
Running; race; course
I Cap. VIII
Nox
Night; darkness; evening
I Cap. X
Somnus
Sleep; slumber; rest
I Cap. X
Luna
Moon; lunar light; night
I Cap. X
Stella
Star; celestial body
I Cap. X
Thermae
Bath; public bathhouse; spa
I Cap. V
Aqua Calida
Hot water; heated bath water
I Cap. V
Unguentum
Oil; ointment; perfume
I Cap. V
Vestimenta
Clothing; garments; attire
I Cap. III
Toga
Toga; Roman garment; robe
I Cap. IV
Tunica
Tunic; basic garment
I Cap. IV
Calcei
Shoes; footwear
I Cap. IV
Dies
Day; daytime; period
I Cap. VI
Sol
Sun; sunlight; day
I Cap. VI
Aurora
Dawn; sunrise; morning
I Cap. VI
Vesper
Evening; dusk; eventide
I Cap. VI
IX. Bellum & Militaria (War & Military)
Bellum
War; warfare; conflict; battle
II Cap. XVI
Pax
Peace; tranquility; calm; reconciliation
II Cap. XVI
Legiō
Legion; Roman military unit; army division
II Cap. XVI
Centuriō
Centurion; military officer commanding 100
II Cap. XVI
Mīles
Soldier; warrior; military man
II Cap. XVI
Gladius
Sword; blade weapon; combat weapon
II Cap. XVI
Hasta
Spear; lance; pike
II Cap. XVI
Scūtum
Shield; large military shield
II Cap. XVI
Cassis
Helmet; military headgear
II Cap. XVI
Lōrīca
Armor; breastplate; military protection
II Cap. XVI
Pugna
Battle; fight; combat; engagement
II Cap. XVI
Proeliātor
Warrior; fighter; combatant
III Cap. XXII
Imperator
Emperor; supreme military commander
II Cap. XV
Dux
Leader; military commander; general
II Cap. XVI
Signum
Standard; military banner; sign
II Cap. XVI
Castra
Camp; military encampment; fortress
II Cap. XVI
Munitiō
Fortification; defensive structure; wall
III Cap. XXII
Oppugnātiō
Siege; assault; attack on fortifications
III Cap. XXII
Victōria
Victory; triumph; successful outcome
II Cap. XVI
Triumphus
Triumph; victorious procession; celebration
III Cap. XXII
Clādes
Defeat; disaster; loss in battle
III Cap. XXII
Fuga
Flight; retreat; escape from battle
III Cap. XXII
Hostis
Enemy; foe; hostile force
II Cap. XVI
Obsidiō
Siege; blockade; containment
III Cap. XXII
X. Commercium & Negotium (Commerce & Trade)
Mercātor
Merchant; trader; businessman
II Cap. XVII
Negotium
Business; commerce; transaction
II Cap. XVII
Emptio
Purchase; buying; acquisition
II Cap. XVII
Venditio
Sale; selling; vending
II Cap. XVII
Pretiōsus
Precious; valuable; expensive
II Cap. XVII
Pretium
Price; cost; value; payment
II Cap. XVII
Mōneta
Coin; money; currency
II Cap. XVII
Divitiae
Riches; wealth; fortune
II Cap. XVII
Paupertas
Poverty; lack of means; destitution
II Cap. XVII
Emptōr
Buyer; purchaser; customer
II Cap. XVII
Venditor
Seller; vendor; merchant
II Cap. XVII
Modus
Measure; amount; way; manner
II Cap. XVII
Ponda
Weight; standard measure
II Cap. XVII
Mensūra
Measure; measurement; dimension
II Cap. XVII
Portus
Port; harbor; trading place
III Cap. XXV
Nāvis
Ship; vessel; boat for trade
III Cap. XXV
Mercēs
Goods; merchandise; commodities
II Cap. XVII
Frūctus
Fruit; produce; harvest; profit
II Cap. XVII
Redditus
Income; revenue; return on investment
II Cap. XVII
Lucrum
Profit; gain; financial success
II Cap. XVII
Damnum
Loss; damage; financial loss
II Cap. XVII
Debitum
Debt; obligation; sum owed
II Cap. XVII
Crēditum
Credit; loan; financial trust
II Cap. XVII
Usurae
Interest; interest on loan; usury
II Cap. XVII
XI. Genere & Roli Sociales (Gender & Social Roles)
Fēmina
Woman; female; feminine
I Cap. I
Māsculīnus
Masculine; male; manly
II Cap. XV
Femīnīnus
Feminine; womanly; female
II Cap. XV
Marīta
Wife; married woman; spouse
I Cap. I
Marītus
Husband; married man; spouse
I Cap. I
Virgo
Virgin; unmarried young woman
I Cap. I
Iuvenis
Young man; youth; adolescent
II Cap. XIV
Mater Fāmiliās
Mother of household; lady of house
II Cap. XV
Puer
Boy; male child; son
I Cap. I
Puella
Girl; female child; daughter
I Cap. I
Senex
Old man; elder; aged person
II Cap. XIV
Anus
Old woman; elderly woman
II Cap. XIV
Patricīa
Patrician woman; noble woman
II Cap. XV
Plebēia
Plebeian woman; common woman
II Cap. XV
Clīenta
Female client; dependent woman
II Cap. XV
Patrona
Female patron; lady patron; protector
II Cap. XV
Domīna
Lady; mistress; female master
I Cap. II
Dominus
Master; lord; owner; gentleman
I Cap. II
Arbitra
Arbitrator woman; judge woman
III Cap. XXVII
Magistra
Female teacher; mistress; instructor
II Cap. XII
Moecha
Adulteress; unfaithful woman
III Cap. XXVIII
Dux Fēmina
Female leader; lady commander
III Cap. XXII
Mōs
Tradition; custom; social practice
II Cap. XV
Dignitas
Dignity; honor; social standing
II Cap. XV
XII. Natura & Astronomia (Nature & Astronomy)
Natura
Nature; natural world; essence
III Cap. XXIV
Caelum
Sky; heavens; celestial sphere
I Cap. X
Stella
Star; celestial body; star light
I Cap. X
Luna
Moon; lunar body; moonlight
I Cap. X
Sol
Sun; sunlight; solar body
I Cap. VI
Plāneta
Planet; wandering star; celestial body
III Cap. XXIV
Orbis
Circle; orbit; celestial path
III Cap. XXIV
Sphāera
Sphere; globe; celestial sphere
III Cap. XXIV
Mōtus
Motion; movement; orbit motion
III Cap. XXIV
Luminōsus
Luminous; shining; bright
III Cap. XXIV
Obscūritas
Darkness; obscurity; shadow
I Cap. X
Umbra
Shadow; shade; darkness
I Cap. X
Flōs
Flower; blossom; flowering plant
I Cap. VII
Arbor
Tree; woody plant; timber
I Cap. VII
Frūctus
Fruit; produce; harvest product
I Cap. VII
Folium
Leaf; foliage; plant part
I Cap. VII
Viriditās
Greenness; verdancy; vegetation
I Cap. VII
Saxum
Rock; stone; mineral
III Cap. XXIV
Flūmen
River; flowing water; stream
III Cap. XXV
Lacus
Lake; body of water; pool
III Cap. XXV
Mons
Mountain; high elevation; peak
III Cap. XXV
Vallis
Valley; low ground; dale
III Cap. XXV
Mare
Sea; ocean; body of saltwater
III Cap. XXV
Aestās
Summer; hot season; warmth
I Cap. VI
Hiems
Winter; cold season; frost
I Cap. VI
Tempestās
Weather; season; atmospheric condition
III Cap. XXIV
XIII. Agricultura & Vīta Rūrālis (Agriculture & Rural Life)
Ager
Field; cultivated land; farmland
I Cap. VII
Agricola
Farmer; agricultural worker; husbandman
II Cap. XVII
Arātrum
Plow; farming tool; tillage implement
II Cap. XVII
Cultūra
Cultivation; farming; agriculture
II Cap. XVII
Sēmen
Seed; grain; planting material
II Cap. XVII
Segetēs
Grain; crop; standing grain
II Cap. XVII
Messēs
Harvest; reaping; gathering crops
II Cap. XVII
Messor
Reaper; harvester; grain cutter
II Cap. XVII
Falx
Sickle; cutting tool; reaping tool
II Cap. XVII
Triticum
Wheat; grain crop; cereal
II Cap. XVII
Ordeum
Barley; grain type; cereal
II Cap. XVII
Avēna
Oat; cereal grain; fodder crop
II Cap. XVII
Pōmum
Apple; fruit; pomaceous fruit
I Cap. VII
Vīnum
Wine; grape product; fermented drink
I Cap. VI
Vitis
Grapevine; wine plant; vine
II Cap. XVII
Uvae
Grapes; grape cluster; fruit
II Cap. XVII
Olivum
Olive; olive fruit; tree crop
II Cap. XVII
Oleum
Oil; olive oil; lubricant
II Cap. XVII
Pecus
Livestock; cattle; animals
II Cap. XVII
Bōs
Cow; ox; bovine animal
II Cap. XVII
Ovis
Sheep; woolly animal; flock animal
II Cap. XVII
Capra
Goat; horned animal; caprine
II Cap. XVII
Equus
Horse; steed; riding animal
II Cap. XVII
Asinius
Donkey; ass; pack animal
II Cap. XVII
XIV. Animalia & Bestiae (Animals & Beasts)
Canis
Dog; canine animal; hunting dog
I Cap. II
Felis
Cat; feline animal
I Cap. II
Mus
Mouse; rat; small rodent
I Cap. II
Lepus
Hare; rabbit; leaping animal
II Cap. XVII
Aper
Boar; wild pig; wild animal
II Cap. XVII
Cervus
Deer; stag; hoofed animal
II Cap. XVII
Ursa
Bear; wild bear; fierce animal
III Cap. XXV
Leo
Lion; king of beasts; great cat
III Cap. XXV
Tigris
Tiger; striped predator; exotic beast
III Cap. XXV
Lupus
Wolf; predatory canine; fierce animal
II Cap. XVII
Serpens
Snake; serpent; reptile
I Cap. VII
Draco
Dragon; mythical serpent; serpent
III Cap. XXI
Aquila
Eagle; bird of prey; imperial symbol
II Cap. XVII
Corvus
Raven; crow; black bird
I Cap. X
Avis
Bird; feathered creature; fowl
I Cap. VII
Gallus
Rooster; cock; male chicken
I Cap. VI
Gallina
Hen; chicken; female bird
I Cap. VI
Piscis
Fish; aquatic animal; scaled creature
I Cap. VII
Pisces
Fishes; fish; aquatic animals
I Cap. VII
Anguis
Snake; serpent; water snake
III Cap. XXI
Bestia
Beast; wild animal; savage creature
II Cap. XVII
Animalia
Animals; creatures; living beings
III Cap. XXIV
Brutum
Beast; brute animal; dumb creature
II Cap. XIV
Vīta
Life; living; existence
II Cap. XIV
Mors
Death; dying; end of life
III Cap. XXVI
Mortuus
Dead; deceased; lifeless
III Cap. XXVI
Ferōx
Fierce; wild; savage; ferocious
II Cap. XVII
Mansuetus
Tame; gentle; domestic
II Cap. XVII
Saltus
Forest; wild forest; woods
II Cap. XVII
Venatio
Hunt; hunting; pursuit of game
II Cap. XVII
Venator
Hunter; huntsman; one who hunts
II Cap. XVII
Praeda
Prey; game; hunt; booty
II Cap. XVII
Arcus
Bow; hunting bow; archery
II Cap. XVII
Sagitta
Arrow; projectile; arrowhead
II Cap. XVII
XV. Iter & Peregrinatio (Travel & Journey)
Iter
Journey; path; route; travel
III Cap. XXV
Peregrinatio
Pilgrimage; journey; foreign travel
III Cap. XXV
Peregrīnus
Traveler; pilgrim; foreigner
III Cap. XXV
Via
Way; road; path; street
II Cap. XVII
Strata
Street; paved way; roadway
II Cap. XVII
Sentis
Path; track; narrow way
III Cap. XXV
Viatōr
Traveler; wayfarer; journeyman
III Cap. XXV
Hospitium
Lodging; inn; hospitality
III Cap. XXV
Caupona
Inn; tavern; roadside inn
III Cap. XXV
Mansio
Rest stop; station; overnight stop
III Cap. XXV
Vehiculum
Vehicle; carriage; conveyance
III Cap. XXV
Plaustrum
Wagon; cart; heavy vehicle
III Cap. XXV
Cisium
Light carriage; small cart
III Cap. XXV
Rota
Wheel; circular disk
III Cap. XXV
Axia
Axle; axis rod; wheel axle
III Cap. XXV
Cursus
Running; course; journey route
I Cap. VIII
Decursio
Journey; circuit; riding around
III Cap. XXV
Discessus
Departure; leaving; exit
III Cap. XXV
Profectio
Departure; setting out; journey
III Cap. XXV
Adventus
Arrival; coming; approach
III Cap. XXV
Reditus
Return; coming back; homecoming
III Cap. XXV
Regressus
Return; retreat; going back
III Cap. XXV
Hospes
Host; hospitable person; guest
II Cap. XV
Hostilitas
Hospitality; hostly service
III Cap. XXV
Vicus
Village; small town; neighborhood
II Cap. XVII
Oppidum
Town; city; fortress town
II Cap. XV
Regio
Region; area; district
II Cap. XV
Provincia
Province; Roman territory; region
II Cap. XV
Frontiera
Frontier; border; boundary
III Cap. XXII
Miliarium
Milestone; distance marker
III Cap. XXV
Spatium
Space; distance; interval
III Cap. XXV
Circuitus
Circuit; roundabout way; journey
III Cap. XXV
Compendium
Shortcut; shorter way; bypass
III Cap. XXV
XVI. Rhetorica & Disputatio (Rhetoric & Debate)
Rhetorica
Rhetoric; art of persuasion; oratory
III Cap. XXIII
Orator
Orator; public speaker; rhetor
III Cap. XXIII
Oratio
Oration; speech; discourse
III Cap. XXIII
Eloquentia
Eloquence; fluent speech; power
III Cap. XXIII
Disputatio
Debate; discussion; argument
III Cap. XXVII
Argumentum
Argument; proof; reasoning
III Cap. XXVII
Sententia
Opinion; judgment; saying
II Cap. XIV
Sententia Sapientum
Wise saying; maxim; aphorism
II Cap. XIV
Proverbium
Proverb; saying; adage
II Cap. XIV
Sententia Vulgaris
Common saying; folk wisdom
II Cap. XIV
Questio
Question; inquiry; problem
II Cap. XIV
Responsio
Answer; response; reply
II Cap. XIV
Confutatio
Refutation; rebuttal; disproving
III Cap. XXVII
Approbatio
Approval; agreement; endorsement
II Cap. XV
Reprehensio
Censure; blame; criticism
III Cap. XXVII
Laus
Praise; commendation; glory
II Cap. XXVI
Vituperatio
Blame; censure; disparagement
III Cap. XXVII
Accusatio
Accusation; charge; indictment
II Cap. XXV
Defensio
Defense; protection; advocacy
II Cap. XXV
Disputator
Debater; arguer; disputer
III Cap. XXVII
Contentio
Struggle; contest; debate
III Cap. XXVII
Concordia
Agreement; harmony; accord
II Cap. XVI
Discordia
Discord; disagreement; conflict
II Cap. XVI
Consensus
Consensus; general agreement
II Cap. XV
Opinio
Opinion; belief; view
II Cap. XIV
Existimatio
Estimation; judgment; reputation
II Cap. XV
Doctrina
Teaching; doctrine; instruction
II Cap. XIV
Instructio
Instruction; teaching; education
II Cap. XII
Comparatio
Comparison; analogy; likeness
III Cap. XXVII
Exemplum
Example; model; specimen
II Cap. XIV
Illustratio
Illustration; clarification; light
III Cap. XXVII
Euphoria
Good speech; well-said; eloquent
III Cap. XXIII
Vitium Orationis
Speech defect; rhetorical flaw
III Cap. XXIII
XVII. Virtutes & Vitia (Virtues & Vices)
Virtus
Virtue; excellence; moral strength
II Cap. XXVI
Vitiōsus
Vicious; corrupt; wicked; sinful
III Cap. XXVI
Vita
Vice; moral failing; corruption
III Cap. XXVI
Fortitudo
Courage; bravery; fortitude
II Cap. XXVI
Timiditas
Timidity; cowardice; fear
III Cap. XXVI
Prudentia
Prudence; wisdom; good judgment
II Cap. XXVI
Stultitia
Stupidity; foolishness; lack of sense
III Cap. XXVI
Iustitia
Justice; fairness; righteousness
II Cap. XXVI
Iniuria
Injustice; wrong; injury
II Cap. XXV
Temperantia
Temperance; moderation; self-control
II Cap. XXVI
Intemperantia
Intemperance; excess; gluttony
III Cap. XXVI
Honestum
Honesty; honor; propriety
II Cap. XV
Turpis
Shameful; base; dishonorable
III Cap. XXVI
Continentia
Continence; self-restraint; chastity
II Cap. XXVI
Luxuria
Luxury; lust; indulgence; excess
III Cap. XXVI
Clementia
Clemency; mercy; kindness
II Cap. XXVI
Crudelitas
Cruelty; harshness; brutality
III Cap. XXVI
Liberalitas
Generosity; bounty; liberality
II Cap. XXVI
Avaritas
Greed; stinginess; avarice
III Cap. XXVI
Gratitudo
Gratitude; thankfulness; appreciation
II Cap. XXVI
Ingratitudo
Ingratitude; ungratefulness
III Cap. XXVI
Fidelitas
Fidelity; loyalty; faithfulness
II Cap. XV
Perfidia
Treachery; betrayal; disloyalty
III Cap. XXVI
Veracitas
Truthfulness; honesty; veracity
III Cap. XXVII
Mendacium
Falsehood; lie; deception
III Cap. XXVI
Humilitas
Humility; modesty; meekness
II Cap. XXVI
Superbia
Pride; arrogance; haughtiness
III Cap. XXVI
Mansuetudinēs
Gentleness; meekness; mildness
II Cap. XXVI
Ira
Anger; wrath; rage
III Cap. XXVI
Amicitia
Friendship; amity; companionship
II Cap. XIV
Inimicitia
Enmity; hostility; dislike
III Cap. XXVI
Caritas
Love; charity; affection
II Cap. XIV
Odium
Hatred; hate; animosity
III Cap. XXVI
Verenda
Modesty; shame; sense of propriety
II Cap. XV
Impudentia
Impudence; shamelessness; audacity
III Cap. XXVI
Abstinentia
Abstinence; restraint; avoidance
II Cap. XXVI
Gula
Gluttony; excess in eating
III Cap. XXVI
Castitas
Chastity; purity; purity of thought
II Cap. XXVI
Luxuria
Lust; sensuality; wantonness
III Cap. XXVI
Iracundia
Irritability; hot-temperedness
III Cap. XXVI
Placiditas
Calmness; peacefulness; serenity
II Cap. XXVI
Invidia
Envy; jealousy; spite
III Cap. XXVI
Munificentia
Munificence; liberality; splendor
II Cap. XXVI
Parsimonia
Parsimony; frugality; economy
II Cap. XVII
Prodigalitas
Prodigality; wastefulness; squandering
III Cap. XXVI
Religio
Reverence; piety; duty to gods
I Cap. IX
Impietas
Impiety; irreverence; ungodliness
III Cap. XXVI
Decorum
Propriety; decorum; seemliness
II Cap. XV
Indecorum
Impropriety; unseemliness; rudeness
III Cap. XXVI
Diligentia
Diligence; care; hard work
II Cap. XII
Neglegentia
Negligence; carelessness; heedlessness
III Cap. XXVI
Industria
Industry; assiduity; hard work
II Cap. XII
Ignavia
Idleness; sloth; laziness
III Cap. XXVI
Clementia
Mercy; compassion; pity
II Cap. XXVI
Severitas
Severity; strictness; harshness
III Cap. XXVI
Benevolentia
Benevolence; goodwill; kindness
II Cap. XXVI
Malevolentia
Malevolence; ill will; spitefulness
III Cap. XXVI
Miseratio
Compassion; pity; sympathy
II Cap. XXVI
Duritia
Hardness; harshness; cruelty
III Cap. XXVI
Libertas
Freedom; liberty; independence
II Cap. XV
Servitus
Slavery; servitude; bondage
I Cap. II
Officium
Duty; obligation; responsibility
II Cap. XV
Negligentia
Negligence; carelessness; breach
III Cap. XXVI
Aequitas
Fairness; equity; impartiality
II Cap. XXV
Iniquitas
Unfairness; inequity; injustice
III Cap. XXVI
Constantia
Constancy; steadfastness; resolve
II Cap. XXVI
Inconstantia
Inconstancy; fickleness; instability
III Cap. XXVI
Perseverantia
Perseverance; persistence; endurance
II Cap. XXVI
Incuria
Carelessness; neglect; inattention
III Cap. XXVI
How to Use This Comprehensive Vocabulary Index
This definitive vocabularium contains 500+ essential Latin terms organized across 17 cultural domains, from practical vocabulary (Familia, Domus, Schola) to philosophical and moral concepts (Virtutes, Vitia). Each term shows its chapter location and book reference (Liber I, II, or III), making it easy to find vocabulary in context and across the complete trilogy. Learning thematically—grouping words by Roman cultural life (Familia, Militaria, Commerce, Gender Roles, Agriculture, Astronomy, Animals, Travel, Rhetoric, Virtues, and more)—reinforces semantic relationships and aids retention through meaningful association. The comprehensive vocabulary carefully balances beginner foundations (Liber I) with intermediate practical vocabulary (Liber II) and advanced philosophical/abstract concepts (Liber III). Use this index alongside the main texts and Notae Culturales to achieve deep mastery of Roman civilization through language.