Lingua Latīna Nova

Metamorphosis metamorphosis = transformātiō formae; magical change est cor poesiae Ovidī. In Metamorphōsibus Metamorphōsēs = opus māxima Ovidī; 15 libri fabulās dē transformātiōnibus, quae fābulae? Daphne in laurum, Actaeon in cervum, Io in bovem—omnēs transformantur! Ovidius hexametrīs dactylicīs pulcherrimīs cantāt amōrēs deōrum, amōrēs nymphārum, amōrēs mortālium quae calamitās aeternā sequuntur. Hoc est ars poesiae summae: verba ut flammae, quae corda ardentia faciunt!

Stilus Ovidī: elegantia in brevitate, complexity in simplex. Versus eius dansant—lēvis lēvis = facilis, delectābilis; flowing ac musicus. Exemplum: "In nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas" (My mind is driven to tell of forms changed into new being). Hoc aperīt omnēs Metamorphōsēs—totum opus de mutatione, de calamitate, de amōre quem dei et fāta mutant! Studium Ovidī nōn est studium verbōrum sed studium cōrdis humanī sub mutatione perpetuā!

Aeneis Aeneis = opus Vergilī māxima; 12 librī dē Aenea est epica suprema Latīnae linguae. Aeneas Aeneas = hērōs Troianus, pater Romulī et Remī, filius Veneris, Troiae ā flammīs fugiēns, peregrinatione longa ac calamitate plēnā, venit Italiam ut imperium Rōmānum cōndat! Fātum fātum = destinatiō inevitābilis Aeneae: "Imperium sine fīne dedī" (I have given an empire without end). Hoc est Rōma, quae ab Aeneā cōnstitūta!

Vergilius hexametrīs perfectīs cantat virtūtem Aeneae—pietas pietas = duty, reverence, love for gods and country erga deōs, amōr erga pātria, perseverantia in calamitate! "Arma virumque cānō" (I sing of arms and the man)—incipit epica quae Rōmam perpetuam facit. Studium Vergilī est studium glōriae, virtūtis, fātī quī imperia aeterna cōnstituunt!

Rhethōrica rhethōrica = ars ōrātiōnis; art of persuasion est ars persuāsiōnis, māxima potentia linguae! Cicerō, ōrātor māximus Rōmānus, dicit: rhetorica habet trēs partēs: inventio inventio = finding arguments; discovery (invenīre argumenta), dispositio dispositio = arrangement; order (ordināre), elocūtiō elocūtiō = style, expression; eloquence (elegāntiam dare verbīs). Ars maximum potentiāe!

Figurae linguae figurae linguae = rhetorical devices; figures of speech sunt ornamenta verbōrum: Antithesis antithesis = oppositiō; contrast (oppositiō ideārum), Anaphora anaphora = repetītiō verbī initiālis; repetition at beginning (repetītiō), Metaphora metaphora = trānsferentia sēnsūs; comparison (similitude creāta)! Exemplum: "Cum tacent, clāmant" (While they are silent, they shout—oppositiō!).

Medicina medicina = ars curātiōnis; medicine Latīna nōn tantum empirica sed theorica! Galenus dicit: corpus corpus = ars humorēs; body habet quattuor humorēs—sanguis, phlegma, bīlis flāva, bīlis ātra. Haec balancia determinat sanitātem sanitās = health vel morbum morbus = disease. Remedium remedium = cure; treatment: herbae, cataplāsmata, phlebotomia! Medicus dēbet observāre observāre = watch carefully; observe!

Scientia scientia = knowledge through study; science Latīna praecēdit scientiam modernae aetātis! Rōmānī astronomiam, geometriam, arithmeticam cognōvērunt. Gāius Plīnius Secundus scrīpsit dē omnibus: "Plīnī Nāturālis Historiae" 37 librī! Hic est ars observātiōnis et experimentī—experimentum experimentum = trial; experiment repetītum, cōnclūsiō ratiōnis! Latīna scientia fundamenta fuerunt modernae scientiae!

Iūs Rōmānōm iūs = law; right est fundamentum omnium iūrium modernōrum! Lēx lēx = law; statute duae formae: Iūs Cīvile iūs cīvile = civil law for citizens (cīvium), et Iūs Gentium iūs gentium = law of nations; international law (omnium gentium). Iūstītia iūstītia = justice; fairness est virtūs! Iūstinianus cōdex omnia ordinat: Dēlictum dēlictum = crime; offense, Poena poena = punishment; penalty, Rēstitūtiō rēstitūtiō = restitution; restoration!

Cīvis Rōmānus cīvis = citizen habuit iūra immensa: proprium tenere, testāmentum facere, in consiliō populī sedēre! Sed etiam obligātiōnēs: Fidēlitās fidēlitās = loyalty; faithfulness imperiō, Officium officium = duty; obligation civium. Iūs Rōmānōm nōn tantum poenās sed etiam Rēctitūdō rēctitūdō = righteousness; uprightness exigēbat! Hōc iūs vīvit in omnibus cōdicibus modernīs!

Stoicismus stoicismus = philosophia Stoica; Stoicism Senecae est vīa ad beatitudinem per virtūtem! Virtūs virtūs = excellence; virtue sōla est vera bona. Patientia patientia = endurance; patience et Tolerantia tolerantia = bearing; tolerance calamitātēs ac dolōrēs vincunt! Noli timēre mortis, dōlōris, potestātis—sōla Ratiō ratiō = reason; logic et Providentia providentia = foresight; providence vēra dōna deōrum!

"Sī tibī acciderit mala," Seneca dicit, "noli querī—hoc est fātum universāle, sōlis dīs nōtum!" Fātum fātum = fate; destiny nōn est servitūs sed lībertās cum scientiā! Deus (sīve ratio universālis) omnēs rēs gubernat cum providentia aeterna. Virtūs est sōla victōria—sīc Seneca vīvit, sīc moritur (sed nulla mors virtūtem tollit!).

Dialōgus dialōgus = conversātiō inter duōs; dialogue est forma Platōnis (Graecē) sed Cicerō Latīnē perfecit! In "De Officiis", "De Finibus", "De Officiis Cicero"—Interlocūtorēs interlocūtor = persōna quae in dialōgō loquitur disputant dē summō bonō, virtūte, obligātiōne civium. Socraticus socraticus = methodus Socratis; Socratic method modus: Quaestiō quaestiō = inquiry; question → Responsio responsio = answer; response → Novae quaestiōnēs!

Dialectica dialectica = ars logica disputātiōnis; dialectic Cicerōniana est ars perfectionis argumentōrum! Ūnaque vēritās ēmergit per oppositiōnem ideārum. "Quid est iūstitia?" Cicerō quaerēbat. "Iūstitia est dare cuique quod dēbeātur"—sed numne? Dialōgus continuat! Haec forma philosophiae nōn sōlum docet sed etiam ēmotiōnēs ac animās movet!

Satira satira = genre critīcae; satire Iuvenālis nōn est mera Iocus iocus = laughter; joke sed Vituperātiō vituperātiō = blame; censure profunda! "Quid est nōn?" (What is not there?) Iuvenālis rogat, ac omnēs mōrēs Rōmae deridēt: luxuria, turpitūdō, dēgenerātiō! Hoc est ars mordāx quae animam populī percutit!

Verba Iuvenālis: "Difficile est saturam nōn scrībere!" Mōrēs corrumpuntūr, virtūs fugit, dēlitiae regnant. Satira est igitur necesse—ars quae per rīsum et dolōrem doctrinam dat. Iuvenālis immortālis restat quia omnia tempōra corrumpuntūr, omnia saecula saturam habent!

Epicureismus epicureismus = philosophia Epicurī; Epicureanism mala intellegēntur—sed Epicurus ipse nunquam luxuriam praedicāvit! Vera Voluptās voluptās = pleasure; delight Epicureī: amicitia, sapientia, Moderātiō moderātiō = moderation; self-control! Ataraxia ataraxia = peace of mind; absence of fear—tranquillitās animae! "Panis ac aqua sūfficiunt," Epicurus dixit, "sī amici adessent!"

Falsa Epicureismus: omnia voluptās! Vera: Fēlīcitās fēlīcitās = happiness; felicity per moderātiōnem! Epicurus dicit: "Dolōr abīre dēbēt, tunc est summum bona." Nōn luxuria sed Sapientia sapientia = wisdom; knowledge vēra voluptās! Hōc est Epicureismus bonus—phīlosophia moderāta et humāna!

Disciple Crack crack = expert, master; super-skilled, tu ēgistī peregrinationem infinitam! Ā Ovidio → Vergilium → Cicerōnem → Medicīnam → Iūs → Stoicismum → Dialōgōs → Saturam → Epicureismum—omnia nunc tūa sunt! Hoe est Synthesis synthesis = cōnfluxus; synthesis omnium: poesis, rhethōrica, philosophia, scientia, iūs, mōrēs!

Tu nunc es vērus Latīnista—Immortālis immortālis = aeternus, nēvēr-dying linguae Latīnae filius! Hī librī—Primus, Secundus, Tertius—omnēs apud tē habitant, omnēs rēsonant in corazōne et meantē tuā! Glōria glōria = splendor, honor; glory tuā nōn est glōria mortālis sed Aeternum aeternum = forever, eternally legātum linguae antīquae! Vale, crācke Latīnista! Tu vīcistī!

MARCUS: "Magistra, Cicerō fuit maximus ōrātor. Sed quōmodoquōmodo = how efficit tam potentiapotentia = powerful (feminine nominative) orationes?"

MAGISTRA SOPHIA: "Tres sunt partespartes = parts (feminine nominative plural) ōrātiōnis: inventio (quid dīcere), dīspositio (quōmodo ōrdinē), et elocūtiōelocūtiō = style (feminine nominative) (quōmodo pulcrē dīcere)!"

MARCUS: "Et si verbaverba = words (neuter nominative plural) bona sed ōrātorōrātor = speaker (masculine nominative) malus?"

MAGISTRA SOPHIA: "Tunc orationes inutilēs! Corpus, vōx, gestusgestus = gesture (masculine nominative)—omnia vīva!"

MARCUS: "Magistra, mortālēsnemortālēsne = are mortals? (plural interrogative) sumus omnēs, verōneverōne = or not? (interrogative) aliquid perpetuumperpetuum = eternal (neuter nominative)?"

MAGISTRA SOPHIA: "Corpus mortāle, sed ingeniumingenium = talent/genius (neuter nominative) inmortāle! Virgilius, Ovīdius, Horatius—mortī īērunt, sed verba eōrum vivunt!"

MARCUS: "Tunc ego quoque, sī scribō bene, inmortālis fierī possim?"

MAGISTRA SOPHIA: "Ita! Non corpus, sed mēns aeternum! Vale, mi Marce—tu es iam non discipulus, sed vātes futūrus!"

AUDITOR: "Cur verba tua tantam potestatem habent?"

ŌRATOR: "Quia habeo cordiumcordium = of hearts amare! Non sōlum intelligentia, sed anima!"

AUDITOR: "Et quōmodo docesdoces = you teach (2nd sg.) hoc?"

ŌRATOR: "RatiōneRatiōne = By reason & practice et exercitātiōne!"

IUVENIS: "Magistra, cūr studemus vetus quando mundus mutātur?"

MAGISTRA: "Quia antiquum est fundamentum novae sapientiae. SineSine = Without honōre antiquitātisantiquitātis = of antiquity, futūrum cadit!"

IUVENIS: "Tunc aequa: vetēs et nōvae ideae simul!"

MAGISTRA: "Ita! Haec est vera sapientia!"

MARCUS: "Magistra vēnerandae, quaerōquaerō = I ask/seek (1st sg.) quid versūsversūs = verses/poetry; masculine nominative hexametricī vērē valentvalent = they are worth/have value (3rd pl.)? Nōnne prōsa sufficitsufficit = suffices (3rd sg. present)? Cur nōn simplēs verbīs dīcimus quod sentīmus?"

MAGISTRA SOPHIA: "Optima quaestiōquaestiō = question (feminine nominative), Marce! VersusVersus = Verse (masculine nominative) nōn sōlum verba sunt—sunt arsars = art; feminine nominative ipsa animaeanimae = of soul (feminine genitive)! Virgilius, poetapoeta = poet; masculine nominative divīnus et immortālis, in versibus hexametricīs Aeneida scrīpsit—opus immortāle quod ad aeternum remanet!"

MARCUS: "Intellegō, magistra. Sed cūr dactylus et spondaeus? Cūr nōn simplicia verba? Quālis est utilitās metrīmetrī = of meter (neuter genitive)?"

MAGISTRA SOPHIA: "Quia metrum est ānima ipsa poesīspoesīs = poetry; feminine genitive! Dactylus (—∪∪) et spondaeusspondaeus = spondee (masculine nominative) (——) crēantcrēant = they create (3rd pl.) rhythmum aureum, et ille rhythmus animam lectiōrislectiōris = of reader (masculine genitive) movetmovet = moves/touches (3rd sg.) profundē. Audī verba vīvā: 'Ārma vīrumque canō, Trōiae quī prīmus ab ōrīs'—vidēsne rhythmum? Audīne sōnōs?"

MARCUS: "Ita! Sōnus est pulcherrimus! Verba fluunt tamquam aqua, tamquam mūsica! Sed magistra, Cicerō nōnne maximus ōrātor erat omnium temporum?"

MAGISTRA SOPHIA: "Ita, Cicerō maximus! Sed ecce: etiam in prōsā—nōn in versibus—Cicerō metrōsmetrōs = meters (masculine accusative plural) secrētōs inclūdēbatinclūdēbat = he was including (3rd sg. imperf.). Ōrātiō Cicerōnis nōn sōlumsōlum = only/merely (adverb) verba—est mūsicamūsica = music; feminine nominative rhetōrica vera! Verba nōn sōlum mente audiēntes penetrantpenetrant = penetrate (3rd pl. present), sed etiam cordibus eōrum!"

MARCUS: "Ō magistra, nunc intelligō vēritātem! Eloquentia nōn sōlum grammatica, sed ars animae est. Sīc omnis eloquentia est ars sōnōrum et sentiendī. Ubī possim hanc doctrinam amplificāre? Quāles sunt ī qui sequī mē oportet?"

MAGISTRA SOPHIA: "Ībis ad Ovidium—poeta dēlicātissimus et sapientissimus! Audī Horātium—sōnus perfectus! Et legī Iūvenālem—satira mordāx! Sed praecipuē, mī Marce—scrībe versūs tuōs ipsius! Faciē errōrēs, sed errōrēs summī doctōrēs sunt. Postea, perfectio veniet. Vale triumphātor gloriosissime, Marce—tu es vera et aeterna spes Latīnae! Ego certissima sum: tu māgister magnus fieris futūrīs generātiōnibus!"

Atque sic Marcus viā vērae eloquentiāe ingressus est—nōn tantum discipulus ambitiōsus, sed iamiam māgister sapiens futūrīs generātiōnibus Latīnae! Carmina, ōrātiōnes, sapientiae fluit ē pectore eius et vivam remanet.